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Last battle of the battleship Bismarck
The last battle of the German battleship ''Bismarck'' took place in the Atlantic Ocean, approximately west of Brest, France, on 26–27 May 1941. Although it was a decisive action between capital ships, it has no generally accepted name.
The battle was a sequel to the Battle of the Denmark Strait, fought on 24 May 1941, in which ''Bismarck'' and the heavy cruiser sank the British battlecruiser and damaged the battleship , which withdrew due to the malfunctioning of her main armament. Following that battle ''Bismarck'' was pursued for more than two days by ships and aircraft of the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force. Eventually, on the evening of 26 May, her steering gear was crippled by a torpedo bomber attack, and on the following morning she was brought to battle, crippled and scuttled by her crew.
==Overview==
On 24-May before the final action ''Bismarck''s fuel tanks were damaged in the Battle of the Denmark Strait and her intention was to reach the port of Brest for repair. Late in the day ''Bismarck'' briefly turned on her pursuers (''Prince of Wales'' and the heavy cruisers ''Norfolk'' and ''Suffolk'') to cover the escape of her companion, the heavy cruiser to continue further into the Atlantic. Early on 25-May the British forces lost contact with the ''Bismarck'', which headed ESE towards France while the British searched NE presuming she was returning to Norway. She was rediscovered late morning on the 26th by a Catalina flying boat from No. 209 Squadron RAF and subsequently shadowed by aircraft from Force H steaming north from Gibraltar.
The final action consisted of four main phases. The first phase late on the 26th consisted of air strikes by torpedo bombers from the British aircraft carrier , which disabled ''Bismarck''s steering gear jamming her rudders in a turning position, preventing her escape. The second phase was the shadowing and harassment of ''Bismarck'' during the night of 26/27-May by British destroyers, with no serious damage to any ship. The third phase on the morning of 27-May was an attack by the British battleships and supported by cruisers. After about 100 minutes of fighting ''Bismarck'' was sunk by the combined effects of shellfire, torpedo hits and deliberate scuttling. On the British side, ''Rodney'' was lightly damaged by near-misses and by the blast effects of her own guns.〔Kennedy, pp. 206, 283.〕 British warships rescued 111 survivors from ''Bismarck''〔One of these survivors died of his injuries, while the remainder became Prisoners of War.〕 before being obliged to withdraw because of an apparent U-boat sighting, leaving several hundred men to their fate. In the final phase the withdrawing British ships were attacked on the 27th by aircraft of the ''Luftwaffe'', resulting in the loss of the destroyer , and German ships and U-boats arrived later at the scene of the sinking and saved five more survivors.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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